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Robert Burns poem gear up to traditional melody

"Auld Lang Syne" (Scots pronunciation: [ˈɔːl(d) lɑŋˈsəin]: note "southward" rather than "z")^[one] is a popular song, especially in the English-speaking world. Traditionally, it is sung to bid good day to the old year at the stroke of midnight on New Year'southward Eve. By extension, information technology is besides oft heard at funerals, graduations, and every bit a farewell or ending to other occasions; for instance many branches of the Scouting move use information technology to close jamborees and other functions.^[two]

The text is a Scots-language verse form written past Robert Burns in 1788^{[3] [4]} but based on an older Scottish folk song. In 1799, it was prepare to a traditional tune, which has since become standard. "Auld Lang Syne" is listed as numbers 6294 and 13892 in the Roud Folk Song Index.

The poem's Scots championship may be translated into standard English language every bit "one-time long since" or, less literally, "long long ago",^[five] "days gone by", "times long past" or "sometime times". Consequently, "For auld lang syne", equally it appears in the first line of the chorus, might be loosely translated as "for the sake of sometime times".

The phrase "Auld Lang Syne" is likewise used in similar poems by Robert Ayton (1570–1638), Allan Ramsay (1686–1757), and James Watson (1711), besides as older folk songs predating Burns.^{[half dozen]} Matthew Fitt uses the phrase "in the days of auld lang syne" as the equivalent of "one time upon a time" in his retelling of fairy tales in the Scots language.^[7]

History [edit]

Text [edit]

Robert Burns sent a copy of the original vocal to the Scots Musical Museum in 1788 with the remark, "The following song, an old song, of the olden times, and which has never been in print, nor even in manuscript until I took it downward from an quondam man."^[viii] Some of the lyrics were indeed "collected" rather than composed past the poet; the ballad "Sometime Long Syne" printed in 1711 by James Watson shows considerable similarity in the first verse and the chorus to Burns' later on verse form,^[6] and is nigh certainly derived from the same "old song". To quote from the kickoff stanza of the James Watson ballad:

Should Old Acquaintance be forgot,
and never idea upon;
The flames of Dearest extinguished,
and fully past and gone:
Is thy sweet Heart now grown and then cold,
that loving Breast of thine;
That g canst never in one case reverberate
On former long syne.

Chorus:
On old long syne my Jo,
On old long syne,
That thou canst never one time reflect,
On onetime long syne.

It is a off-white supposition to aspect the residual of the poem to Burns himself.^[8]

In that location is some doubt as to whether the melody used today is the same one Burns originally intended, just it is widely used in Scotland and in the rest of the world.^{[iv] [9]}

Singing the song on Hogmanay or New year's Eve very apace became a Scots custom that shortly spread to other parts of the British Isles. Equally Scots (not to mention English, Welsh and Irish gaelic people) emigrated effectually the earth, they took the song with them.

Melody [edit]

The tune to which "Auld Lang Syne" is commonly sung is a pentatonic Scots folk melody, probably originally a sprightly dance in a much quicker tempo. The vocal originally had another melody, which can exist traced to effectually 1700 and was deemed "mediocre" by Robert Burns. The famous melody was first used in 1799, in the 2nd volume of George Thomson's Select Songs of Scotland. ^[10]

Older versions of the original vocal which utilise other melodies have survived in isolated Scottish communities. The American folk vocal collector James Madison Carpenter collected a version of "Auld Lang Syne" which appears to be distantly related to the original folk song version from a human named William Still of Cuminestown, Aberdeenshire in the early 1930s. William All the same can exist heard singing the song on the Vaughan Williams Memorial Library website.^[xi]

Lyrics [edit]

The song begins by posing a rhetorical question: Is it right that former times exist forgotten? The answer is mostly interpreted as a call to recollect long-continuing friendships.^[10] Alternatively, "Should" may be understood to hateful "if" (expressing the provisional mood) referring to a possible consequence or situation.

George Thomson's Select Songs of Scotland was published in 1799 in which the second poetry about greeting and toasting was moved to its nowadays position at the end.^[10]

Most common usage of the song involves just the first verse and the chorus. The last lines of both of these are frequently sung with the extra words "For the sake of" or "And days of", rather than Burns' simpler lines. This allows one note for each give-and-take, rather than the slight melisma required to fit Burns' original words to the melody.

The "singable" English language version given here keeps the Scots phrase "auld lang syne" rather than translating it as "long long ago" or something like that — see the 3rd paragraph of this article for a full explanation of this phrase.

Burns' original Scots poesy[5]	Standard English version (singable)	Scots pronunciation guide (as Scots speakers would sound)	IPA pronunciation guide (Burns' own Ayrshire dialect) [12]
Should auld associate be forgot, and never brought to mind? Should auld acquaintance be forgot, and auld lang syne?[a] Chorus: For auld lang syne, my jo, for auld lang syne, we'll tak' a cup o' kindness however, for auld lang syne. And surely ye'll be your pint-stoup! and surely I'll exist mine! And we'll tak' a cup o' kindness all the same, for auld lang syne. Chorus We twa hae run about the braes, and pou'd the gowans fine; But we've wander'd mony a weary fit, sin' auld lang syne. Chorus We twa hae paidl'd in the burn, frae morn dominicus till dine;[b] But seas between the states braid hae roar'd sin' auld lang syne. Chorus And there's a manus, my trusty fiere! and gie's a hand o' thine! And nosotros'll tak' a correct gude-willie waught, for auld lang syne. Chorus	Should old acquaintance be forgot, and never brought to mind? Should old acquaintance be forgot, and auld lang syne? Chorus: For auld lang syne, my dear, for auld lang syne, we'll take a cup of kindness yet, for auld lang syne. And surely you'll purchase your pint loving cup! and surely I'll buy mine! And we'll take a cup o' kindness withal, for auld lang syne. Chorus We two have run about the hills, and picked the daisies fine; But we've wandered many a weary foot, since auld lang syne. Chorus We two accept paddled in the stream, from morning sun till dine; But seas between us wide have roared since auld lang syne. Chorus And there's a hand my trusty friend! And give me a hand o' thine! And we'll take a right expert-volition draught, for auld lang syne. Chorus	Shid ald akwentans bee firgot, an nivir brocht[c] ti mynd? Shid ald akwentans bee firgot, an ald lang syn*? Chorus: Fir ald lang syn, ma jo, fir ald lang syn, wil tak a cup o kyndnes yet, fir ald lang syn. An sheerly yil bee yur pynt-staup! an sheerly al bee myn! An volition tak a cup o kyndnes still, fir ald lang syn. Chorus We twa hay rin aboot the braes, an pood the gowans fyn; Chip weev wandert monae a weery fet, sin ald lang syn. Chorus We twa hay pedilt in the burn, fray mornin sun til dyn; Merely seas between us bred hay roard sin ald lang syn. Chorus An thers a han, my trustee feer! an gees a han o thyn! And we'll tak a richt[c] gude-willie-waucht,[c] fir ald lang syn. Chorus	ʃɪd o̜ːld ə.kwɛn.təns bi fər.ɡot ən nɪ.vər brɔxt tɪ məin ʃɪd o̜ːld ə.kwɛn.təns bi fər.ɡot ən o̜ːld lɑŋ səin Chorus: fər o̜ːld lɑŋ səin mɑ d͡ʒo fər o̜ːld lɑŋ səin wiːl tɑk ə kʌp o kəin.nəs jɛt fər o̜ːld lɑŋ səin ən ʃeːr.li jiːl bi juːr pəint.stʌup ən ʃeːr.li ɑːl bi məin ən wiːl tɑk ə kʌp o kəin.nəs jɛt fər o̜ːld lɑŋ səin Chorus wi two̜̜ː heː rɪn ə.but ðə breːz ən puːd ðə ɡʌu.ənz fəin bʌt wiːv wo̜n.ərt mʌ.ne ə wiːrɪ fɪt sɪn o̜ːld lɑŋ səin Chorus wi two̜̜ː heː pe.dlt ɪn ðə bʌrn freː moːr.nɪn sɪn tɪl dəin bʌt siːz ə.twin ʌs bred heː roːrd sɪn o̜ːld lɑŋ səin Chorus ən ðeːrz ə ho̜ːn mɑ trʌs.tɪ fiːr əŋ ɡiːz ə ho̜ːn o ðəin ən wiːl tɑk ə rɪxt ɡɪd wʌ.lɪ wɑːxt fər o̜ːld lɑŋ səin Chorus

1. ^ Scots "lang syne" (from Middle English for "long since". Variations are 'Syn', and 'Sin', all being contracted forms of 'Sithen'). Properly pronounced with a hard "Due south" (like "sign") rather than the soft "Z" sound usually sung.
2. ^ dine = "dinner time"
3. ^ ^{a b c} ch = voiceless velar fricative, /ten/, at the dorsum of the mouth like /m/; like to "Bach" in German

Settings and quotations of the melody [edit]

William Shield (1748–1829)

English language composer William Shield seems to quote the "Auld Lang Syne" melody briefly at the end of the overture to his opera Rosina (1782), which may be its first recorded use. The contention that Burns borrowed the melody from Shield is for various reasons highly unlikely, although they may very well both accept taken it from a common source, maybe a strathspey called "The Miller'south Wedding" or "The Miller'southward Daughter".^[thirteen] The problem is that tunes based on the aforementioned set of trip the light fantastic toe steps necessarily have a similar rhythm, and even a superficial resemblance in melodic shape may cause a very strong credible similarity in the tune as a whole. For instance, Burns' poem "Comin' Thro' the Rye" is sung to a tune that might also be based on the "Miller's Wedding ceremony". The origin of the melody of "God Save the Queen" presents a very similar problem and for just the aforementioned reason, as it is also based on a trip the light fantastic measure.^[14] (Run across the note in the William Shield article on this subject.)

Ludwig van Beethoven (1770–1827)

In 1792, the Austrian composer Joseph Haydn arranged Auld Lang Syne equally i of over 400 Scottish folk song arrangements commissioned by George Thomson and the publishers William Napier and William Whyte;^[15] his organisation may take helped popularise the song.^[16] Ludwig van Beethoven as well wrote an arrangement of Auld Lang Syne (WoO 156/11) published equally office of his 12 Scottish Folksongs (1814). Both of these classical versions utilise the original brisk strathspey rhythm.

In 1855, different words were written for the Auld Lang Syne tune by Albert Laighton and titled, "Vocal of the Old Folks". This vocal was included in the tunebook, Father Kemp's Old Folks Concert Tunes published in Boston, Massachusetts, in 1860.^[17] For many years it was the tradition of the Stoughton Musical Gild to sing this version in memory of those who had died that year.

Songwriter George M. Cohan quotes the first line of the "Auld Lang Syne" melody in the second to last line of the chorus of "Y'all're a K Old Flag". It is plain from the lyrics that this is deliberate; the tune is identical except the first syllable of the discussion "forgot".

John Philip Sousa quotes the melody in the Trio department of his 1924 march "Ancient and Honorable Arms Company".

English composer of light music Ernest Tomlinson wrote a Fantasia on Auld Lang Syne (1976), which in its 20 minutes weaves in 152 quotations from pieces by other popular and classical composers.^[eighteen]

In the Sacred Harp choral tradition, an organisation of information technology exists under the proper name "Plenary". The lyrics are a memento mori and begin with the words "Hark! from the tomb a doleful sound". Another Christian setting, using the name "Fair Haven" for the same melody, uses the text "Hail! Sweetest, Beloved Tie That Binds" by Amos Sutton.^[nineteen] In a similar vein, in 1999 Cliff Richard released a setting of the Lord'southward prayer (as "The Millennium Prayer") to the tune.^[20]

British soldiers in Earth War I trenches sang "We're Here Considering We're Hither" to the melody of "Auld Lang Syne".^[21]

This tune was used briefly in the 1930 Mickey Mouse cartoon The Chain Gang.^[22]

When sung [edit]

At New Year [edit]

"Auld Lang Syne" is traditionally sung at the conclusion of New Year gatherings in Scotland and around the world, especially in English language-speaking countries.

At Hogmanay in Scotland, it is common do that everyone joins hands with the person side by side to them to class a great circumvolve around the dance floor. At the beginning of the last verse (And there'south a hand, my trusty fiere!/and gie's a paw o' thine!), everyone crosses their artillery across their chest, and so that the right manus reaches out to the neighbor on the left and vice versa.^{[23] [24]} When the tune ends, everyone rushes to the center, while still holding hands. When the circumvolve is re-established, everyone turns under the arms to cease up facing outwards with easily still joined. The tradition of singing the song when parting, with crossed hands linked, arose in the mid-19th century amid Freemasons and other fraternal organisations.^{[25] [26]}

Outside Scotland the hands are often crossed from the beginning of the song, at variance with Scottish custom. The Scottish practice was demonstrated past Queen Elizabeth 2 at the Millennium Dome celebrations for the yr 2000. Some printing outlets berated her for not "properly" crossing her arms, unaware that she was correctly following the Scottish tradition.^{[27] [28]}

At other times [edit]

Equally well as celebrating the New Year, "Auld Lang Syne" is very widely used to symbolise other "endings/new beginnings" – including farewells, funerals (and other memorials of the dead), graduations, the finish of a (non-New year's day) party, jamborees of the Sentry Movement, the election of a new regime, the concluding lowering of the Matrimony Jack as a British colony achieves independence^[29] and fifty-fifty as a signal that a retail shop is most to shut for the day. The melody is also widely used for other words, especially hymns, the songs of sporting and other clubs, and even national anthems (South korea in the 1940s, and the Republic of the maldives until 1972). In Scotland and other parts of United kingdom, in item, it is associated with celebrations and memorials of Robert Burns. The following list of specific uses is far from comprehensive.^{[30] [31] [2]}

In the English language-speaking world [edit]

• In Scotland, information technology is oftentimes sung at the end of a cèilidh, a dance, and at weddings. At weddings, information technology is performed in the same way as at New Yr, simply the bride and groom are ofttimes lifted up in the centre of the circle.
• The tune is played, and sung by the crowd, in the concluding stages of the annual Edinburgh Military Tattoo.
• In many Burns Clubs, it is sung at the end of the Burns supper.
• In Neat United kingdom of great britain and northern ireland, it is played at the close of the annual Congress (conference) of the Trades Union Congress. It is likewise normally the terminal song of the Liberal Democrat Glee Club.
• The song is sung at the end of the Last Nighttime of the Proms. Depending on whether an "official" performance is planned it may non be listed on the programme but in this case the audience will maintain the tradition and sing it themselves, with or without backup from the performers.^{[ citation needed ]}
• The song is played at the Passing Out Parade of Young Officers in the Royal Navy as they march up the steps of the Britannia Royal Naval College; for Royal Air Force officers at Royal Air Force College Cranwell, and at the Sovereign's Parade at the Royal Military machine University Sandhurst for young officers joining the British Army, as the cadets march upwardly the steps of their famous Old College building – to the beat of the irksome march, after the tune "Will ye no come back?". This custom (or something very like it) is also followed in Naval and Military colleges in many other countries, especially members and former members of the Commonwealth of Nations. Examples include the Royal Military machine College of Canada, the Royal War machine College (Malaysia), the National Defence Academy (Republic of india),^[32] the Pakistan Military University, Bangladesh Military Academy and at the equivalent colleges in Singapore, Burma and Nigeria.
• The vocal is very widely used by the international Lookout Movement, where information technology is a popular endmost vocal for jamborees and other occasions.^{[2] [31] [30]}

In non-English-speaking countries [edit]

"Auld Lang Syne" has been translated into many languages, and the song is widely sung all over the world. The song's pentatonic scale matches scales used in Korea, Japan, India, China and other Asian countries, which has facilitated its "nationalisation" in the Due east. The following particular examples mostly detail things that are special or unusual most the use of the vocal in a item state.

• In Denmark, the song was translated in 1927 by the Danish poet Jeppe Aakjær. Much like Robert Burns' utilize of dialect, Aakjær translated the song into Sallingbomål , a form of the Jutlandic dialect. The song " Skuld gammel venskab rejn forgo " is an integral part of the Danish Højskole tradition, and frequently associated with more than rural areas and old traditions.
• In Italian republic, the song is known as "Il valzer delle candele" (='The waltz of the candles"), the candles being the symbol of the fire of an unextinguished, unhappy love. Italian lyrics tell the story of a lover who epxects to be left forever past his/her sweetheart.
• In the Netherlands, the melody is used as the Dutch football vocal " Wij houden van Oranje " ("Nosotros Dearest Orange"), performed by André Hazes.
• In Germany, the lyrics are "Nehmt Abschied, Brüder", traditionally performed at New year and oftentimes at the cease of an issue. The melody was adapted to the German text in 1946 von Claus Ludwig Laue.
• In West Bengal and Bangladesh, the tune was the directly inspiration for the Bengali folk song Purano shei diner kotha ("Memories of the Skillful Old Days"), equanimous by Nobel laureate Rabindranath Tagore,^{[33] [34]} and forms ane of the more recognisable tunes in Rabindra Sangeet ("Rabindra's Songs"), a body of work of 2,230 songs and lyrical poems that form the backbone of Bengali music.
• In Thailand, the song "Samakkhi Chumnum" ( สามัคคีชุมนุม , 'together in unity') is set to the same tune. It is mainly sung after sporting fixtures and at the cease of Boy Sentinel jamborees. The Thai lyrics are a patriotic song near the Male monarch and national unity, and many Thais are not aware of the song's Western origin.^[35]
• In Japan, the melody is used for the song "Hotaru no Hikari" (The Low-cal of the Fireflies), which has unlike lyrics. "Hotaru no Hikari" is played at many school graduation ceremonies, and at the end of the New year's day's Eve show NHK Kōhaku Uta Gassen. It is played in various establishments such as bars, restaurants, or department stores in Japan to let the customers know that the establishment is closing soon.^[36]
• In Korea, the song is known as "Jakbyeol" (작별, Farewell) or (less commonly) as "Seokbyeol-ui Jeong" (석별의 정, The Feeling of Farewell). From 1919 to 1945 it served equally the national anthem of the Korean exile government and from 1945 to 1948, information technology was the melody of Korea's national anthem.

The lyrics used then were the aforementioned as the current South Korean national anthem.^[37]

• In Francophone areas, the song is known as "Ce n'est qu'un au revoir" ["it is just a farewell"]. The French lyrics are not a literal translation of the original lyrics, and instead talk well-nigh people saying farewell, knowing they will meet over again.
• Before 1972, it was the tune for the anthem of the Maldives (with the current words).
• In Peru, the song was covered in Spanish by Arturo "Zambo" Cavero, and is frequently used for the Creole Vocal 24-hour interval.

Use in films [edit]

The potent and obvious associations of the song and its tune accept fabricated it a common staple for film soundtracks from the very early days of "talking" pictures to the present—a large number of films and boob tube series' episodes having used it for background, generally only past no means exclusively to evoke the New year.

Notable performances [edit]

Frank C. Stanley (1868–1910)

Recordings [edit]

The first recording of the vocal was made on wax cylinder in 1898 by the Englishmen Charles Samuel Myers and Alfred Cort Hadden, who sang it in a sit-in of the new technology whilst on an expedition to record Aboriginal Australian music with figures including Charles Seligman, W. H. R Rivers and Sidney Herbert Ray. The original 1898 recording tin can be heard online via the British Library Sound Archive website.^[38]

The beginning commercial recording was probably that of Frank C Stanley, who recorded the song in 1907 (which can be heard to a higher place).

As a standard in music, "Auld Lang Syne" has since been recorded many times, in every believable manner, by many artists, both well-known and obscure.

Alive and circulate [edit]

• 1929: Guy Lombardo and His Majestic Canadians performed information technology on New year'southward Eve for decades until his death in 1977. Lombardo'southward 1947 Decca Records version is played in Times Square every New Year'due south immediately following the dropping of the brawl.^[39]
• 1984: On 12 August, the song, sang in American English, was called every bit the last concluding concluded closing farewell musical song to play ending the Endmost Ceremony of the 1984 Summer Olympic Games was sung by all member artist musical choir because due closing ceremony concluded at 00:00 PDT to mark the stop of the 1984 Summertime Olympics closing ceremony.
• 1997: On xxx June, the twenty-four hours before Hong Kong was handed over from the United Kingdom to the Cathay, the melody was played by the silverish and piping bands from the Royal Hong Kong Law, at the difference of Hong Kong's 28th and last British Governor, Chris Patten, from his official residence, Government House, Hong Kong.^[40]
• 2009: On 30 November – St. Andrew'southward Day – students and staff at the Academy of Glasgow sang the song in 41 languages simultaneously.^[41]
• 2015: On 25 March, the song was performed by a bagpiper from the Singapore Police Force'due south Gurkha Contingent Pipes and Drums Platoon at The Istana equally a grade of respect to the late Prime Government minister of Singapore, Mr. Lee Kuan Yew during his Land Funeral.^[42]
• 2020: On 29 January, the vocal was sung by members of the European Parliament when the Brexit withdrawal agreement was passed, ending the United kingdom of great britain and northern ireland's membership in the Eu, finalised two days later on on 31 January.^[43]
• 2022: On twenty Feb, the song, sang in Standard mandarin Chinese, was chosen equally the last final ended closing farewell musical vocal to play ending the Endmost Ceremony of the 2022 Wintertime Olympic Games was sung past all member artist musical choir considering due closing ceremony ended at 21:40 CST to marking the end of the 2022 Winter Olympics endmost ceremony.^[44]

References [edit]

1. ^ Rennie, Susan (ed.). "Lang Syne". Dictionary of the Scots Language. Archived from the original on xix January 2012. Retrieved 1 January 2012.
2. ^ ^{a b c} Honeck, Mischa (2018). Our Frontier Is the World: The Boy Scouts in the Age of American Ascendancy. Ithaca, New York: Cornell University Press. p. 103. ISBN9781501716201 – via Google Books.
3. ^ "Robert Burns – Auld Lang Syne". BBC. 23 Apr 2009. Retrieved 1 January 2012.
4. ^ ^{a b} "The History and Words of Auld Lang Syne". Scotland.org . Retrieved 1 January 2012.
5. ^ ^{a b} Burns, Robert (1947) [Transcribed 1788]. Maine, George Frederick (ed.). Songs from Robert Burns 1759–1796 (leather-bound sextodecimo). Collins Greetings Booklets (in English and Scots). Glasgow: Collins Clear-Type Press. pp. 47–48. This book was purchased at Burns Cottage, and was reprinted in 1967, and 1973.
6. ^ ^{a b} "nls.uk". nls.uk. Archived from the original on 11 Nov 2013. Retrieved 1 Jan 2012.
7. ^ Higgins, Bernie; Vaughan, David (28 November 2004). "'Wee Reid Ridin Hood': Matthew Fitt and His Scots Fairy Tales in Deepest Bohemia". Radio Prague . Retrieved 12 June 2017.
8. ^ ^{a b} Lindsay, Maurice (Dec 1996) [1959]. "Auld Lang Syne". The Burns Encyclopedia (New Third ed.). Robert Hale Ltd. ISBN0-7090-5719-9. Archived from the original on 23 June 2010. Retrieved 28 Dec 2007.
9. ^ Traditional (2006). "Auld Lang Syne". Traditional Songs from Scotland. Ukmagic.co.united kingdom of great britain and northern ireland. Retrieved ane January 2012.
10. ^ ^{a b c} "Electric Scotland history site". ElectricScotland.com . Retrieved one January 2012.
11. ^ "For Auld Lang Syne (VWML Vocal Alphabetize SN19469)". The Vaughan Williams Memorial Library . Retrieved 22 February 2021.
12. ^ Wilson, James (1923). The dialect of Robert Burns as spoken in fundamental Ayrshire. Oxford University Press. pp. xi–13, 146–148 – via Annal.org.
13. ^ "A Caledonian country trip the light fantastic toe". Morgan Library & Museum. 3 December 2013. Retrieved 19 May 2019.
14. ^ Scholes, Percy A. The Oxford Companion to Music (Tenth ed.). Oxford University Press.
15. ^ "Folksong Arrangements by Haydn / Folksong Arrangements by Haydn and Beethoven / Programmes / Home – Trio van Beethoven". www.triovanbeethoven.at . Retrieved 7 March 2021.
16. ^ "Auld Lang Syne packaged by Joseph Haydn". Interlude. 29 December 2015. Retrieved seven March 2021.
17. ^ "Father Kemp and Auld Lang Syne". Americanmusicpreservation.com. Retrieved 1 January 2012.
18. ^ "Music Monday: Fantasia on Auld Lang Syne". Philharmonic Society of Orange County. 29 December 2014. Retrieved 5 January 2019.
19. ^ "Hail! Sweetest, Dearest Tie That Binds;". Hymntime.com. Archived from the original on xi January 2012. Retrieved 1 January 2012.
20. ^ Burden, Ralph. "Cliff Richard - The Miracle of the Millennium Prayer". reallifestories.org . Retrieved 6 June 2018.
21. ^ Cremer, Clyde (2014). The Life and Times of a World War I Soldier: The Julius Holthaus Story. Bloomington: iUniverse LLC. p. 292. ISBN978-one-4917-2979-3.
22. ^ Grob, Gijs (2018). "The Concatenation Gang". Mickey's Movies: The Theatrical Films of Mickey Mouse. Theme Park Press. ISBN978-1683901235.
23. ^ Christmas in Scotland: Christmas Around the World. Vol. 11. Globe Volume, Incorporated. 2001. p. 37.
24. ^ Logan, James (1831). The Scottish Gaël; Or, Celtic Manners, as Preserved Among the Highlanders: Existence an Historical and Descriptive Account of the Inhabitants, Antiquities, and National Peculiarities of Scotland : More Peculiarly of the Northern, Or Gäelic Parts of the Country, where the Singular Habits of the Aboriginal Celts are Most Tenaciously Retained. Vol. 2. Smith Elder. p. 253. Retrieved 30 December 2015 – via ElectricScotland.com.
25. ^ Grant, Morag (2021). Auld Lang Syne : a song and its culture. S.l: Open up Book Publishers. ISBN978-ane-80064-065-8. OCLC 1288665451.
26. ^ "Why do people link hands to sing Auld Lang Syne?". BBC News. 31 December 2021.
27. ^ Aslet, Clive (13 July 2007). "1 doesn't do tantrums and tiaras". The Telegraph. London. Archived from the original on five May 2013. Retrieved 25 Nov 2008.
28. ^ "Queen stays at arm's length (This Is Lancashire)". Archived from the original on 3 July 2011. Retrieved x December 2010.
29. ^ Handover of Hong Kong 1997, "Auld Lang Syne", originally broadcast 30 June 1997 on YouTube
30. ^ ^{a b} Bracken, Canor (13 September 2013). "Auld Lang Syne a Sincere Tradition". Gulf Coast.
31. ^ ^{a b} Brocklehurst, Steven (31 December 2013). "How Auld Lang Syne took over the earth". BBC Scotland.
32. ^ National Defence force University Retrieved 8 Feb 2012.
33. ^ "Bengali Traditional Folk Music – Various Artists – Songs, Reviews, Credits – AllMusic".
34. ^ "Bengali Folk Songs". Archived from the original on 25 March 2015. Retrieved 4 April 2015.
35. ^ Kennedy, Paul T.; Danks, Catherine J., eds. (2001). Globalization and National Identities: Crisis or Opportunity?. Springer. p. 109. ISBN9780333985458 – via Google Books.
36. ^ Gingold, Naomi (22 June 2015). "Why do Japanese Stores play Auld Lang Syne when they shut?". The World.
37. ^ "What is South Korea's National Anthem and what are its lyrics?". BBC Music Magazine. Retrieved 25 September 2021. >
38. ^ Miles, Tom (15 February 2013) [Recorded 15 February 1898]. "Auld Lang Syne". Sounds – World and traditional music – Ethnographic wax cylinders. British Library.
39. ^ "Guy Lombardo > Biography (All Music Guide)".
40. ^ "'The Governor's Final Bye'". BBC News. 1997. Retrieved 29 Dec 2013.
41. ^ "'New tape' for Auld Lang Syne". BBC News. thirty Nov 2009. Retrieved 25 April 2010.
42. ^ Farewell to Lee Kuan Yew – Auld Lang Syne at Istana, archived from the original on 12 December 2021, retrieved 21 September 2021
43. ^ "Brexit: European Parliament overwhelmingly backs terms of United kingdom of great britain and northern ireland'south leave". BBC News. 29 January 2020. Retrieved 29 January 2020.
44. ^ Staff, Scroll. "'Auld Lang Syne': Winter Olympics 2022 endmost ceremony springs a surprise with choice of song". Whorl.in . Retrieved three March 2022.

External links [edit]

• Image of Robert Burns' autograph manuscript
• Auld Lang Syne score from the Robert Burns website at National Library of Scotland
• Digitised copy of Auld Lang Syne in James Johnson's Scots Musical Museum, printed betwixt 1787 and 1803, from National Library of Scotland. JPEG, PDF, and XML versions.
• Auld Lang Syne Canvass Music
• Auld Lang Syne on Russian folk instruments, Quartet Skaz, Moscow.
• McKellar, Kenneth. "Auld Lang Syne (in Scots)" (MP3) . Retrieved 28 December 2007.
• Scotland on TV Auld Lang Syne video performance with lyrics
• Article on songs variant perceptions
• The consummate poem by James Watson in the National Library of Scotland
• Les Deux Beloved Orchestra Classic New Year'south Eve Version (MP3)
• An Early American "Auld Lang Syne"
• "History of Auld Lang Syne". National Geographic – via YouTube.
• Multiple versions and tunes at The Mudcat Cafe's "Digital Traditions"
• Song of the Old Folks at American Music Preservation.com

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Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Auld_Lang_Syne

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